@article{oai:rakuno.repo.nii.ac.jp:00005188,
 author = {ITAMI, Takaharu and SAITO, Yasuo and ISHIZUKA, Tomohito and TAMURA, Jun and UMAR, Mohammed A. and INOUE, Hiroki and 三好, 健二郎 and YAMASHITA, Kazuto and 山下, 和人},
 issue = {6},
 journal = {The Journal of veterinary medical science},
 month = {Jun},
 note = {Article, This study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics of tramadol between young and middle-aged dogs. Tramadol (4 mg/kg) was administered intravenously (IV) to young and middle-aged dogs (2 and 8–10 years, respectively). Plasma concentrations of tramadol were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and its pharmacokinetics best fit a two-compartment model. The volume of distribution (V_d), elimination half-life (t_<1/2,β>) and total body clearance (CL_<tot>) of the young group were 4.77 ± 1.07 l/kg, 1.91 ± 0.26 hr and 29.9 ± 7.3 ml/min/kg, respectively, while those of the middle-aged group were 4.73 ± 1.43 l/kg, 2.39 ± 0.97 hr and 23.7 ± 5.4 ml/min/kg, respectively. Intergroup differences in the t_<1/2,β> and CL_<tot> were significant (P<0.05). In conclusion, tramadol excretion was significantly prolonged in middle-aged dogs.},
 pages = {1031--1034},
 title = {Comparison of pharmacokinetics of tramadol between young and middle-aged dogs},
 volume = {78},
 year = {2016}
}