@article{oai:rakuno.repo.nii.ac.jp:00006756,
 author = {KATO, Keiko and ITAMI, Takaharu and 伊丹, 貴晴 and NOMOTO, Ken and ENDO, Yusuke and TAMURA, Jun and OYAMA, Norihiko and SANO, Tadashi and YAMASHITA, Kazuto and 山下, 和人},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {Journal of Veterinary Medical Science},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {Article, We aimed to evaluate the induction, anesthesia, and cardiorespiratory effects of intramuscular (IM) anesthetic protocol with alfaxalone following premedication with low-dose medetomidine, butorphanol, or a combination of both (medetomidine-butorphanol) in dogs. Six healthy beagles were administered 1, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg alfaxalone IM following premedication with low-dose medetomidine (5 μg/kg; MA-IM), butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg; BA-IM), or medetomidinebutorphanol (5 μg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg, respectively; MBA-IM). Each dog received 9 treatments with minimum 7-day washout period between treatments. Dogs were allowed to breath room air during anesthetic induction. We attempted endotracheal intubation after alfaxalone administration. Alfaxalone produced a dose-dependent anesthetic effect in each anesthetic protocol. Intubation was achieved in 4 out of 6 dogs that received MA-IM and BA-IM with 2.5 mg/kg alfaxalone and in all dogs that received MBA-IM with 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg alfaxalone. The median durations [minimum-maximum] of accepting intubation were 79 [0-89], 97 [84-120], and 117 [84-217] min, respectively. Hypotension (mean arterial blood pressure <60 mmHg) did not develop, but bradycardia (heart rate <60 beats/min) was observed in all dogs that received the MA-IM and MBA-IM protocols. Severe hypoxemia (percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation <90%) developed in 2 dogs that received MBA-IM with 5 mg/kg alfaxalone. We consider that the MA-IM and BA-IM protocols with ≥2.5 mg/kg alfaxalone and the MBA-IM protocol with 1-2.5 mg/kg alfaxalone could provide clinically useful and effective anesthesia without causing severe cardiorespiratory depression in healthy dogs.},
 pages = {53--61},
 title = {The anesthetic effects of intramuscular alfaxalone in dogs premedicated with low-dose medetomidine and/or butorphanol},
 volume = {83},
 year = {2021}
}